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Estimate the present value of fixed and floating legs of a currency swap.
The fixed-rate payer benefits when rates rise, because the floating rate they receive increases while their fixed payment stays the same.
At each reset date, a floating-rate bond reprices to par. So its present value equals the notional principal.
Swaps are used to convert fixed-rate debt to floating or vice versa, for speculation on rate movements, or to hedge interest rate risk.