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Under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), non-exempt employees must receive overtime pay at 1.5x their regular rate for all hours worked over 40 in a workweek. Some states have additional overtime rules.

A workweek is any fixed regularly recurring period of 168 consecutive hours (seven 24-hour periods). The employer sets the workweek and it does not have to start on Monday.

It depends on whether they are exempt or non-exempt. Employees earning above the FLSA salary threshold (currently $684/week) and in executive, administrative, or professional roles are typically exempt from overtime.

Double time (2x pay) is not required by federal law, but California requires it for hours over 12 in a workday and for hours over 8 on the seventh consecutive day of work in a workweek.

A pay period is the recurring schedule by which employees are paid. Common pay periods include weekly (52/year), bi-weekly (26/year), semi-monthly (24/year), and monthly (12/year).

Gross pay is total earnings before any deductions. Net pay (take-home pay) is what remains after taxes, Social Security, Medicare, health insurance, and other deductions.